Miyagawa Choshun (1682 or 1683 to 1752 or 1753) was a Japanese painter of the ukiyo-e style, recognized as the founder of the Miyagawa school and one of the most important ukiyo-e painters of the early eighteenth century.

Born in Miyagawa, Owari Province (present-day Aichi Prefecture), Miyagawa Choshun traveled to Edo (now Tokyo) around 1700. He initially trained under artists of the Tosa and Kano schools before falling under the influence of Hishikawa Moronobu, the pioneering master of early ukiyo-e. Although too young to have studied directly with Moronobu, Choshun regarded himself as his stylistic heir, at times signing his works as Hishikawa Choshun.

His artistic output focused heavily on bijin-ga (paintings of beautiful women), particularly courtesans of the floating world, as well as genre scenes depicting contemporary urban life, festival activities, and entertainment. Figures painted by Chōshun are typically characterized by a soft, warm femininity, possessing a fuller and more voluptuous physical presence than the slender forms favored by later artists. In addition to elegant genre screens and hanging scrolls, he and his students produced a substantial body of shunga (erotic art). Notable examples of his large-scale narrative work include the picture scrolls Engeki zukon (Theatre Scenes) and Fūzoku zukan (Panorama of Contemporary Life).

Among his important works is Pastimes of the New Year and Flower Viewing, a pair of handscrolls depicting seasonal activities in Edo. The scenes include New Year games, music, dancing, flower viewing, puppet shows, street entertainers, and gatherings beneath cherry trees. Another important work is Festivals of the Twelve Months, a long handscroll executed with ink, colour, gold, and silver, presenting various celebrations and activities associated with the changing seasons.

Toward the end of his life, Chōshun became embroiled in a fatal professional dispute. In 1751, after being contracted to perform restoration work at the Nikkō Tōshō-gū shrine, a rival Kanō school artist failed to pay him for his labor. An altercation broke out during which Chōshun's son killed the Kanō artist, resulting in Chōshun being temporarily banished from Edo for a year.

Miyagawa Choshun died in 1752, leaving behind a body of work that established an important chapter in the development of Japanese ukiyo-e painting. Miyagawa Chōshun's legacy was carried forward by his son Shunsui (who founded the Katsukawa school and mentored Katsukawa Shunshō) and other direct pupils.

His works are preserved in major collections including the Mary Griggs Burke Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and are considered important examples of early to mid Edo period ukiyo-e painting that bridge the Kano and Tosa traditions with the emerging floating world aesthetic.